In October 2019, a two-day 2^nd International Conference was held at MUCE (Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam) in Iringa, Tanzania. The guests were welcomed by the chairwoman of the Organizing Committee, Dr Helena Myeya. She emphasized that the conference was organized by the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of MUCE in cooperation with three scientific units from Poland: the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology of the University of Warsaw, the Institute of Political Sciences of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and the Faculty of Economics of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. The representatives of the three universities mentioned were also thanked by the Rector of MUCE Prof. Esther Dungumaro and the Vice-Rector Dr Evaristo Haulle. The Tanzanian university owes such extensive cooperation with Polish universities to Prof. Jerzy Gilarowski who has been teaching there for years.

It is the second international conference with the participation of a large number of Poles. Therefore, Krzysztof Buzalski, the Ambassador of the Republic of Poland in Tanzania, also marked his presence, and in his speech indicated that migrations have accompanied humanity since the dawn of history. The first people settled all of Africa, and then other continents as well. Currently, migration brings with it benefits for the host countries and the emigrants themselves, as well as threats. He underlined that Poland ranks first among the EU countries in terms of the number of immigrants from the former USSR republics (1.5 million Ukrainians).

Prof. Arkadiusz Żukowski from the University of Warmia and Mazury gave the opening lecture. The subject of his speech concerned migrations from the South African Republic in a global context. In 1985, the number of emigrants exceeded the number of immigrants. The majority of South African emigrants are aged 20-44. Two thirds of them are highly qualified.

The session devoted to migration, climate change, economy and the environment opened with a speech by Dr Konrad Czernichowski from UMCS on the theoretical aspects of labour flows between countries. They were juxtaposed with the exchange of goods and capital, from which they differ greatly. As Max Frisch from Switzerland put it ironically, “they asked for a job, but they got people”. Excluding non-economic factors, benefits for both receiving and sending countries as well as for the migrants themselves (higher wages) were presented in a graph.

The conference proceedings have already been published in two volumes: “Migrations in the contemporary world: A case of Africa. Cultural and social issues” and “Migrations in the contemporary world: A case of Africa. Politics, economic and social issues”.